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Home / what caused the chinese to develop the frontier region south of the yangzi river?

what caused the chinese to develop the frontier region south of the yangzi river?

Megalopolis in East China

Megalopolis

Yangtze Delta

长江三角洲城市群

Megalopolis
ISS-30 Nighttime view of Shanghai.jpg
Map of Yangtze Delta city belt

Map of Yangtze Delta city chugalug
Coordinates: 32°10′33″North 119°25′51″E  /  32.1759°Northward 119.4307°E  / 32.1759; 119.4307 Coordinates: 32°10′33″N 119°25′51″East  /  32.1759°Due north 119.4307°East  / 32.1759; 119.4307
Provincial
  • Shanghai
  • Jiangsu
  • Zhejiang
  • Anhui
Major cities Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Suzhou, Ningbo, Wuxi, Nantong, Shaoxing, Changzhou, Jinhua, Jiaxing, Taizhou, Yangzhou, Yancheng, Taizhou, Zhenjiang, Huzhou, Huai'an, Zhoushan, Quzhou, Ma'anshan, Hefei
Authorities
 • Shanghai Gong Zheng[one]
 • Jiangsu Wu Zhenglong[2]
 • Zhejiang Yuan Jiajun[three]
 • Anhui Li Guoying[4]
Population

(2018)
 • Total c. 105,425,600
Time zone UTC+viii (CST)
GDP (nominal) 2018
 - Total ¥14.42 trillion
($2.2 trillion)
 - per capita ¥136,795
($xx,700)
Yangtze Delta
Simplified Chinese 长江三角洲
Traditional Chinese 長江三角洲
Hanyu Pinyin audio speaker icon Chángjiāng sānjiǎozhōu (assistance·info)
Romanization Zankaon Saekohtseu

The Yangtze Delta or Yangtze River Delta (YRD, Chinese: 长江三角洲 or simply Chinese: 长三角) is a triangle-shaped megalopolis generally comprising the Wu Chinese-speaking areas of Shanghai, southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang. The area lies in the centre of the Jiangnan region (literally, "s of the River"), where the Yangtze River drains into the Due east China Ocean. Having fertile soil, the Yangtze Delta abundantly produces grain, cotton, hemp and tea.[5] In 2018, the Yangtze Delta had a GDP of approximately United states$2.2 trillion,[6] nearly the same size as Italian republic.

The urban build-up in the area has given ascension to what may be the largest concentration of side by side metropolitan areas in the world. It covers an surface area of around 100,000 square kilometres (39,000 sq mi) and is abode to over 115 million people as of 2013, of whom an estimated 83 million are urban. If based on the greater Yangtze Delta zone, it has over 140 million people in this region. With about a tenth of Mainland china'southward population and a fifth of the country's GDP, the YRD is i of the fastest growing and richest regions in Eastern asia measured by purchasing power parity.

History [edit]

Since the fourth century, when the national upper-case letter was moved to Jiankang (present-day Nanjing) at the get-go of the Eastern Jin dynasty (AD 317–420), the Yangtze Delta has been a major cultural, economic, and political centre of Cathay. Hangzhou served as the Chinese capital during the Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279), and Nanjing was the early capital of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) before the Yongle Emperor moved the capital to Beijing in 1421.

Other central cities of the region in pre-modern times include Suzhou and Shaoxing. The ancient Suzhou was the capital of the Wu land (12th century BC–473 BC), and the ancient Shaoxing was the capital of the Yue land (20th century BC?–222 BC). Nanjing beginning served as a capital in the Iii Kingdoms period as the capital of Eastern Wu (AD 229–280). In these periods, at that place were several concomitant states or empires in People's republic of china and each i had its own upper-case letter.

Since the ninth century, the Yangtze Delta has been the almost populous area in China, East Asia, and one of the most densely populated areas of the world. During the mid to late menses of the Tang dynasty (618-907), the region emerged equally an economic centre, and the Yangtze Delta became the nearly of import agricultural, handicraft industrial and economical heart for the late Tang dynasty.

In the Song dynasty, specially during the Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279), with its capital situated in Lin'an (present-24-hour interval Hangzhou), Lin'an became the biggest metropolis in Due east Asia with a population more than than 1.5 million, and the economic status of the Yangtze Delta became more than enhanced. Ningbo became one of the ii biggest seaports in Eastern asia along with Quanzhou (in Fujian province).

During the mid-late Ming dynasty (1368–1644), the showtime capitalism bud[ commendation needed ] [ clarification needed ] of the East asia was born and developed in this area, although it was disrupted by the Manchu invasion and controlled strictly and advisedly by the Confucian central regime in Beijing, it continued its development slowly throughout the balance of the Qing dynasty (1644-1911). During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the delta became a large economic centre for the state, and also played the most important function in agriculture and handicraft industry.

During the Qianlong era (1735-1796) of the Qing dynasty, Shanghai began developing rapidly and became the largest port in the Far Eastward. From late 19th century to early 20th century, Shanghai was the biggest commercial center in the Far East. The Yangtze Delta became the first industrialized area in Red china.[7]

Later on the Chinese economic reform program, which began in 1978, Shanghai again became the nearly important economic middle in mainland Communist china, and is emerging to go ane of Asia's centres for commerce. In modern times, the Yangtze Delta metropolitan region is centred at Shanghai, and also flanked by the major metropolitan areas of Hangzhou, Suzhou, Ningbo, and Nanjing, home to nearly 105 million people (of which an estimated lxxx one thousand thousand are urban residents). Information technology is the centre of Chinese economical development, and surpasses other concentrations of metropolitan areas (including the Pearl Delta) in China in terms of economic growth, productivity and per capita income.

In 1982, the Chinese regime ready upwards the Shanghai Economic Area. Too Shanghai, four cities in Jiangsu (Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, Nantong) and five cities in Zhejiang (Hangzhou, Jiaxing, Shaoxing, Huzhou, Ningbo) were included. In 1992, a xiv-metropolis cooperative joint meeting was launched. Besides the previous ten cities, the members included Nanjing, Zhenjiang and Yangzhou in Jiangsu, and Zhoushan in Zhejiang. In 1997, the regular articulation coming together resulted in the establishment of the Yangtze Delta Economic Coordination Association, which included a new fellow member Taizhou in Jiangsu in that twelvemonth. In 1997, Taizhou in Zhejiang likewise joined the association. In 2003, the association accepted six new members after a vi-yr observation and review, including Yancheng and Huai'an in Jiangsu, Jinhua and Quzhou in Zhejiang, and Ma'anshan and Hefei in Anhui. In 2019,the surface area is expand to full Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang,and Shanghai.[8]

Demographics [edit]

The delta is one of the most densely populated regions on world, and includes one of the world'south largest cities on its banks — Shanghai, with a density of two,700 inhabitants per foursquare kilometre (vii,000/sq mi). Because of the large population of the delta, and factories, farms, and other cities upriver, the World Broad Fund for Nature says the Yangtze Delta is the biggest cause of marine pollution in the Pacific Ocean.

Well-nigh of the people in this region speak Wu Chinese (sometimes called Shanghainese, although Shanghainese is actually one of the dialects within the Wu grouping of Chinese) as their mother natural language, in addition to Mandarin. Wu is mutually unintelligible with other varieties of Chinese, including Mandarin.

Geography [edit]

Metropolitan areas [edit]

Metropolitan area Chinese Cities Population
Greater Shanghai Metropolitan Area 大上海都市圈 Shanghai [8]
Suxichang Metropolitan Surface area 苏锡常都市圈 [8]
Hefei Metropolitan area 合肥都市圈 [eight]
Nanjing Metropolitan Area 南京都市圈 [viii]
Ningbo Metropolitan Expanse 宁波都市圈 [8]

Cities [edit]

Central areas include Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuxi, Changzhou, Suzhou, Nantong, Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, Yancheng, Taizhou(Jiangsu), Hangzhou, Ningbo, Wenzhou, Huzhou, Jiaxing, Shaoxing, Jinhua, Zhoushan, Taizhou(Zhejiang), Hefei, Wuhu, Maanshan, Tongling, Anqing, Chuzhou, Chizhou, Xuancheng.[8]

Geology [edit]

Coastal erosion [edit]

The Three Gorge Dam has huge impacts on both upstream and downstream. Since 2003, the Yangtze River delta front has experienced astringent erosion and significant sediment coarsening.

Subaqueous delta [edit]

The Yangtze River derived sediment has not really dispersed beyond the East Communist china Bounding main continental shelf, instead, an elongated (~800 km) distal subaqueous mud wedge (up to lx chiliad thick) extending from the Yangtze River oral cavity southward off the Zhejiang and Fujian coasts into the Taiwan Strait.[9] [x]

Culture [edit]

The Yangtze River Delta is not merely a natural geographical expanse, but also a social, economic and cultural area, with the aforementioned or like cultural traditions and historical memories. The Hui-style culture, Huaiyang culture, Wuyue culture, Shanghai style civilisation, Chu-Han civilization, etc. have their own charms, but also infiltrate and merge with each other to form a colorful Yangtze River Delta civilization. The profound humanistic heritage provides an endless stream of spiritual strength for the economic development of the Yangtze River Delta region, making it one of the nearly active areas of economic development, the highest caste of openness, and the strongest innovation adequacy in China.[11]

Economy [edit]

The area of the Yangtze Delta incorporates more than twenty relatively adult cities in three provinces. The term tin can exist generally used to refer to the entire region extending as far north as Lianyungang, Jiangsu and as far s as Wenzhou, Zhejiang. The region includes some of the fastest-growing economies in Prc in contempo years, and as of 2004 has occupied over 21% of China's total gross GDP.[12]

Angling and agriculture [edit]

The Yangtze Delta contains the near fertile soils in all of China. Rice is the dominant ingather of the delta, only further inland fishing rivals it. In Qing Pu, 50 ponds, containing 5 different species of fish, produce 29,000 tons of fish each year. 1 of the biggest fears of fish farmers in this region is that toxic h2o volition seep into their man-made lagoons and threaten their livelihood.

Governance [edit]

Yangtze Delta regional cooperation crave effort from governments of Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Anhui.[13] [xiv]

They've gradually established a three-tier model of governance on increased regional cooperation:

  • Leadership: Symposium of Governors of YRD Area (长三角地区主要领导座谈会)
  • Coordination: Joint Conference on Cooperation and Evolution of YRD Area (长三角地区合作与发展联席会议)
  • Operation:
    • Offices of the Articulation Briefing (联席会议办公室)
    • Office of YRD Regional Cooperation[xv] (长三角区域合作办公室)
      • Specialized Chore Forces (专题合作组)

There is also a conference with longer history for economical cooperation:

  • Coordinative Conference on Economy for Cities in YRD (长三角城市经济协调会, since 1992)
    • Joint Briefing of Majors (市长联席会议)
    • Function of the Coordination Club (协调会办公室)

Plans [edit]

  • Outline of the Regional Integration Evolution Plan of the Yangtze River Delta[8]

Transportation [edit]

The expanse is home to an extensive send network. The area has ane of the highest private vehicle ownership rates in China, and traffic rules governing Jiangsu, Shanghai, and Zhejiang are relatively strict compared to the remainder of the country.[ citation needed ] The region contains major hubs for shipping and international merchandise, including the ports of Shanghai and Ningbo-Zhoushan, the world'south largest container and cargo ports, respectively. The region also includes the Hangzhou Bay Bridge, which at 36 km is the world's longest cross-sea span, and the densest network of rapid-transport rail in the world, spread out across 12 railway lines.

Climate [edit]

Shanghai
Climate chart (caption)

J

F

M

A

M

J

J

A

S

O

N

D

51

8

1

57

9

2

99

13

half-dozen

89

xix

11

102

24

16

170

28

21

156

32

25

158

31

25

137

27

21

63

23

fifteen

46

17

9

37

11

3

Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Atmospheric precipitation totals in mm

The Yangtze Delta has a marine monsoon subtropical climate, with hot and boiling summers, cool and dry out winters, and warm spring and fall. Winter temperatures tin driblet as depression as -10 °C (a record), however, and even in springtime, large temperature fluctuations can occur.

References [edit]

  1. ^ "共享"五五购物节"！上海市委书记和代市长面向全球推介邀约". 澎湃新闻网.
  2. ^ "聚焦安全生产专项整治，江苏省委书记、省长分别提出要求". 江苏省退役军人事务厅.
  3. ^ "人民日报专访省长袁家军：推进长三角高质量一体化发展". 浙江新闻.
  4. ^ "李国英：抢抓机遇加快推进项目建设 持续提升基础设施支撑能力". 人民网.
  5. ^ "Yangtze (Yangzi, Changjiang) River Delta". China Today . Retrieved 27 March 2013.
  6. ^ http://data.stats.gov.cn/english
  7. ^ "江南文化：长三角城市群的成长基因". www.qstheory.cn. Archived from the original on 2018-12-03. Retrieved 2019-06-03 .
  8. ^ a b c d east f g h "中共中央 国务院印发《长江三角洲区域一体化发展规划纲要》". 中华人民共和国政府.
  9. ^ "Liu, J.P., Li, A.C., Xu, Thousand.H., Veiozzi, D.Thousand., Yang, Z.Due south., Milliman, J.D., DeMaster, D., 2006. Sedimentary features of the Yangtze River-derived along-shelf clinoform deposit in the East China Ocean. Cont. Shelf Res. 26, 2141-2156. 10.1016/j.csr.2006.07.013". 2006. doi:10.1016/j.csr.2006.07.013.
  10. ^ "Liu, J.P., Xu, G.H., Li, A.C., Milliman, J.D., Velozzi, D.G., Xiao, S.B., Yang, Z.S., 2007. Flux and fate of Yangtze river sediment delivered to the East China Ocean. Geomorphology 85, 208-224. https://doi.org/x.1016/j.geomorph.2006.03.023". 2007. doi:x.1016/j.geomorph.2006.03.023. ;
  11. ^ "长三角文化与区域一体化". 中国社会科学院.
  12. ^ Shanghai Vice-Mayor Zhou Yupeng: 周禹鹏：加快推进长三角城市群的连带发展 People.cn retrieved 2010-01-09
  13. ^ 马若虎. "新华网评："一体化"打造高质量发展标杆-新华网". www.xinhuanet.com . Retrieved 2019-06-03 .
  14. ^ "上海市首提"长三角一体化发展示范区"". www.guancha.cn . Retrieved 2019-06-03 .
  15. ^ "Joint function to help guide Yangtze River Delta surface area". english.gov.cn . Retrieved 2019-06-03 .

External links [edit]

  • PBS.org, Journey to Planet Globe, Yangtze River Delta, Mainland china
  • United nations Economical and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP): Yangtze River Delta
  • Economical profile for the Yangtze River Delta — at HKTDC—Hong Kong Trade Development Council.
  • Asian Times: "Growth cools in Yangtze River region"
  • Golden Triangle extending to become a parallelogram? (in Chinese) (Translate to English language: Google, Bing, Yandex)
  • Amalgam the next world megacity: The Yangtze Delta (in Chinese) (Interpret to English: Google, Bing, Yandex)

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangtze_Delta